Modern political parties were born in the US: 250 years later, how they have evolved

From US to India, political power increasingly revolves around individual leaders, media ecosystems, and polarising issues ...
Pew Research Center

Appendix B: Classifying European political parties

Although experts generally agree that populist political leaders or parties display high levels of anti-elitism, definitions of populism vary. We use three measures to classify parties as populist: ...