以下输出均为程序真实运行结果捕获。/ The outputs below are captured from real program executions. 计算进度: 0.00% ...（进度平滑增长至 100. ...

Abstract: The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) is paramount in elevating operational efficiency, driving cost reductions, and enhancing customer satisfaction. It is a renowned ...

Abstract: Efficient and accurate path planning algorithm of unmanned vehicles for unstructured road is of great significant for field disaster relief. An improved A–star algorithm for unmanned vehicle ...