Foundational optimization algorithms are the core driving force behind deep learning, evolving from early stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to the widely adopted Adam family. However, as the scale of ...

On standard, cache-miss pricing, DeepSeek-V4-Pro comes in at roughly one-seventh the cost of GPT-5.5 and about one-sixth (1/6th) the cost of Claude Opus 4.7. With cached input, the gap widens: ...

Scientists took samples from whale blow, identifying possible disease risks for marine mammals in northern seas. By Alexa Robles-Gil In northern Norway, scientists detected a disease-causing virus in ...

In the field of multi-objective evolutionary optimization, prior studies have largely concentrated on the scalability of objective functions, with relatively less emphasis on the scalability of ...

Abstract: To address the issues of uneven initial population distribution and the tendency to get trapped in local optima in the standard Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), this paper proposes an ...

Whale Optimization Algorithms (WOA) represent a class of bio-inspired metaheuristic methods that emulate the bubble-net feeding behaviour of humpback whales to tackle complex global optimisation ...

Abstract: The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is a natural-inspired effective optimization algorithm by imitating the behavior of whales rounding up their prey. Due to the high capacity of WOA in ...