From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

Abstract: Deep neural network (DNN) has strong representation learning ability, but it is vulnerable and easy to be fooled by adversarial examples. In order to handle the vulnerability of DNN, many ...

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an evolutionary algorithm (EA) with bilevel surrogate modeling, called BL-SAEA, for tackling bilevel optimization problems (BLOPs), in which an upper ...