Abstract: This paper proposes a 48V to 1-1.2V two-stage converter, consisting of a high-voltage (HV) switched-capacitor (SC) stage and a low-voltage (LV) buck converter stage. By fixing the duty-cycle ...

Despite the rapid adoption of LLM chatbots, little is known about how they are used. We document the growth of ChatGPT’s consumer product from its launch in November 2022 through July 2025, when it ...

Abstract: The use of renewable energy has become popular due to the effect's fossil fuels have on the environment and their scarcity. Temperature, voltage across the array's terminals, and radiation ...