Abstract: Class imbalance is a persistent challenge in machine learning, particularly in high-stakes applications such as medical diagnostics, bioinformatics, and fraud detection, where the minority ...

aDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA bDepartment of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA cDepartment of Medicine, ...

Abstract: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) is a basic model in a ML field used for classification or prediction analysis owing to its efficiency. The following paper will be a survey paper focused on ...