Abstract: We propose an adaptive moment estimation (Adam)-based $2^{\mathrm {nd}}$ -order Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) employing a mini-batch gradient descent (MGD) algorithm for intensity ...

Abstract: We propose an adaptive moment estimation (Adam)-based 2 nd-order Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) employing a mini-batch gradient descent (MGD) algorithm for intensity ...

The arrival of spring each year means the return of Easter treats to fill baskets for the holiday. Shoppers snap up traditional sweets like chocolate bunnies (which are usually hollow for a tricky ...

For over 5 years, Arthur has been professionally covering video games, writing guides and walkthroughs. His passion for video games began at age 10 in 2010 when he first played Gothic, an immersive ...

Mini Batch Gradient Descent is an algorithm that helps to speed up learning while dealing with a large dataset. Instead of updating the weight parameters after assessing the entire dataset, Mini Batch ...

ABSTRACT: Artificial deep neural networks (ADNNs) have become a cornerstone of modern machine learning, but they are not immune to challenges. One of the most significant problems plaguing ADNNs is ...

Performing gradient descent for calculating slope and intercept of linear regression using sum square residual or mean square error loss function. A "from-scratch" 2 ...