Abstract: This work presents a highly energy-efficient learnable computing-in-memory (CIM) chip enabled by ferroelectric FETs (FeFET) based on BEOL-integrated HZO capacitors. It features: (1) ...

Despite the rapid adoption of LLM chatbots, little is known about how they are used. We document the growth of ChatGPT’s consumer product from its launch in November 2022 through July 2025, when it ...